Yes.  The kids’ first names are 4 letters long and their last names are either 6 or 7 letters.  6+7=13   The human naming scheme is a reference to the arch-number of homestuck 413.  Similar to how at the beginning of the story it was about 4 13-year old kids.

What exactly are you asking?  If you’re asking if trolls have bone bulges then yes, it’s been referenced many times.  But if you’re asking if troll bulges are the little tentacle doodad seen so often in fanart, then no, that’s not canon.

Jegus was a typo made by Dave here, fans in their bucket phase use it all the time and have the characters say it frequently in comics even though Jegus has only been used 18 times in canon, 4 times by Vriska and Karkat, 3 times by John, Dave and Terezi and once by Feferi.

Gog has a similar story only drawn even more out of proportion as it’s only used 3 times in the story, twice by Terezi and once by Dave

They thought that they were going to be playing separate sessions and competing with one another.  But surprise, they had to work together.

You mean during the glitching parts?  We see Jane with Gcat at an ectobiology station hinting that she creates Gcat.  Every other part is seen later on in the story.

Basically, Vriska’s gonna try to steal the Green Sun’s energy but ends up destroying it and creating a hole in paradox space that LE can use to get into this universe.

His introduction page, last line

She hasn’t said, but many think she’s going to the Green Sun.  There’s a popular theory explaining why.

Her Space abilities include being able to change the size of an object and teleport things and also accelerate their velocities. Her Bec powers include generating a green fire barrier here. Although Jade herself has mentioned that she doesn’t know which of her powers came from Bec. 

Yes it’s mentioned here by Arquiusprite